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|  How to Manage Google Drive Files with Google Drive API in Python

How to Manage Google Drive Files with Google Drive API in Python

October 31, 2024

Discover how to efficiently manage Google Drive files using the Google Drive API in Python with this comprehensive step-by-step guide.

How to Manage Google Drive Files with Google Drive API in Python

 

Set Up Google Drive API Client in Python

 

  • Begin by ensuring that you have the `google-api-python-client` installed. You can do this using the command `pip install google-api-python-client`, alongside `google-auth-httplib2` and `google-auth-oauthlib` for authentication purposes.
  •  

  • Once the libraries are installed, load the necessary modules and set up authentication. Use OAuth 2.0 to authenticate and authorize the app with Google Drive by creating a `credentials.json` file which you download from the Google API Console.
  •  

  • Set up the API service to interact with Google Drive by using the `build` function from `googleapiclient.discovery`, specifying the service name ('drive') and version ('v3').
from google.oauth2 import service_account
from googleapiclient.discovery import build

SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive']
SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE = 'path_to_service_account.json'

credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
    SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE, scopes=SCOPES)

service = build('drive', 'v3', credentials=credentials)

 

List Files in Google Drive

 

  • To list files, use the `files().list()` method available via the Drive API. You can filter by file type or other attributes by setting query parameters.
  •  

  • Iterate through the response to retrieve files and file information such as name, id, and other metadata.
results = service.files().list(
    pageSize=10, fields="nextPageToken, files(id, name)").execute()
items = results.get('files', [])

if not items:
    print('No files found.')
else:
    print('Files:')
    for item in items:
        print(f"{item['name']} ({item['id']})")

 

Upload Files to Google Drive

 

  • To upload files, use the `files().create()` method. Specify the media to upload with `MediaFileUpload`, which takes the file path and MIME type as parameters.
  •  

  • Set the `body` parameter to define file metadata like `name` and `parents` (to specify directory, if needed).
from googleapiclient.http import MediaFileUpload

file_metadata = {'name': 'my_document.txt'}
media = MediaFileUpload('files/my_document.txt', mimetype='text/plain')

file = service.files().create(body=file_metadata, media_body=media, fields='id').execute()
print(f"File ID: {file.get('id')}")

 

Download Files from Google Drive

 

  • Downloading involves using `files().get_media()` after specifying the `fileId`. This retrieves the media contents from Drive.
  •  

  • To save the file, you can use Python standard library's `io` and `open` functions to write the contents received.
from googleapiclient.http import MediaIoBaseDownload
import io

file_id = 'your_file_id_here'
request = service.files().get_media(fileId=file_id)
fh = io.BytesIO()
downloader = MediaIoBaseDownload(fh, request)

done = False
while done is False:
    status, done = downloader.next_chunk()
    print(f"Download {int(status.progress() * 100)}.")

with open('downloaded_file.txt', 'wb') as f:
    fh.seek(0)
    f.write(fh.read())

 

Delete Files from Google Drive

 

  • To delete files, use the `files().delete()` method with the specified file ID. It's important to ensure that this action is intended because it is irreversible.
service.files().delete(fileId='your_file_id_here').execute()
print('File Deleted Successfully')

 

Handling Errors and Exceptions

 

  • Use try-except blocks to catch exceptions such as `HttpError` while interacting with Google Drive API. This can help in logging and handling errors more gracefully.
  •  

  • Implement logging to track the application’s behavior and catch potential points of failure.
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError

try:
    # Your API call here
    pass
except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")

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