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|  How to Fix Error: call to 'operator delete' is ambiguous

How to Fix Error: call to 'operator delete' is ambiguous

October 14, 2024

Discover step-by-step solutions to resolve the C++ error: call to operator delete is ambiguous, tailored for firmware developers.

How to Fix Error: call to 'operator delete' is ambiguous

 

Identify the Cause of Ambiguity

  • The "call to 'operator delete' is ambiguous" error often occurs when there are multiple versions of the `operator delete` that could be called and the compiler cannot determine which one to use due to ambiguous visibility or inclusions.
  • Begin by examining your include directives. Ensure that there are no conflicting headers that might define or declare `operator delete` in different namespaces or with different parameters.
  • Review any custom memory management code in your firmware to identify any overloading of `operator delete` which might not be well-defined compared to standard declarations.

 

Resolve Namespace Ambiguity

  • Ensure that all of your `operator delete` implementations have unique signatures by explicitly defining their namespaces.
  • If you have a custom `operator delete` within your own namespace, make sure to use this namespace when calling this operator, for instance:
namespace CustomMemory {
    void operator delete(void* ptr) noexcept {
        // Custom delete logic
    }
}
MyClass* obj = new MyClass();
CustomMemory::operator delete(obj);

 

Check for Overloads and Conflicts

  • If you overload `operator delete`, ensure the parameters match those the standard C++ expects, including the exception specification if needed:
void operator delete(void* ptr, std::size_t sz) noexcept {
    // Custom handler
}
  • Check if there are any configurations or flags specific to the firmware/hardware platform that alters the handling of global operators, which may inadvertently create conflicts or ambiguities.

 

Use Explicit Casting to Resolve Ambiguity

  • If ambiguities arise due to similar overloads, a static cast may resolve the confusion by specifying the exact function signature required. For example:
MyClass* obj = new MyClass();
static_cast<void(*)(void*)>(&operator delete)(obj);

 

Use Compiler Options for Diagnostics

  • Utilize compiler diagnostic options to identify specific ambiguities in function resolution. For example, using the `-Woverloaded-virtual` flag in GCC may help pinpoint ambiguous function calls.
  • Cross-reference the generated code output to identify what versions and parameters of `operator delete` are considered during compilation. Consult documentation specific to your compiler for additional flags useful for debugging overload issues.

 

Testing and Verification

  • After making changes to resolve ambiguities, thoroughly test to ensure there are no memory leaks or calls to the wrong operator.
  • Consider using tools like Valgrind to identify and verify memory management issues. It is crucial in environments like firmware development where resource allocation is sensitive.

 

valgrind --leak-check=full ./your_program

 

Consult Documentation and Community Platforms

  • Refer to your compiler's official documentation or online community forums for environment-specific solutions to avoid potential operator ambiguities in C++ firmware development.
  • Firmware development can involve cross-compilation tools and libraries that may influence how operators are resolved, so pay attention to peculiarities that are documented in those resources.

 

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