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Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1 in Flutter: Causes and How to Fix

February 10, 2025

Discover solutions for the "Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1" error in Flutter. Learn causes and how to fix them effectively.

What is Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1 Error in Flutter

 

Understanding the Error Message

 

  • The error message "Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1" typically indicates a build failure in the Flutter project using the Gradle build system. This issue arises during the process of assembling the debug version of the application, which is necessary for running an app in development mode.

    •  

  • The exit code 1 is a generic error code used by Unix and Unix-like systems, meaning that the command was unsuccessful without specifying a detailed error.

 

Significance of the Error

 

  • For developers, this error can disrupt the workflow as it prevents the app from being launched in a debug session, thus hindering the testing and debugging process.

    •  

  • Diagnosing the issue can be challenging because the error message itself lacks specificity. More detailed information usually resides in the additional error logs provided by the Flutter and Gradle build systems.

 

Possible Areas of Concern

 

  • Dependencies: Changes in project dependencies can lead to incompatibilities, causing the Gradle task to fail.

    •  

  • Configuration Files: Issues in Gradle configurations, such as build.gradle files, may lead to a failure to build.

    •  

  • Environment Setup: Misconfigurations in the development environment or path may lead to improper execution of build scripts.

 

Exploring Log Files

 

  • Inspecting build and error logs is essential to understand the root cause. Flutter and Android Studio offer log outputs where developers can look for specific errors or warnings that preceded the build failure.

    •  

  • Detailed error logs can provide information about failed tasks or missing components, which is crucial for diagnosing the exact issue.

 

Example of a Log Check

 

flutter run --verbose

 

 

Further Investigation

 

  • Consider isolating the issue by creating a new Flutter project and incrementally transferring components from the problematic project to identify the faulting part.

    •  

  • Regularly update Flutter SDK and review the latest patch notes and documentation to understand any recent changes that might affect project builds.

 

 

What Causes Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1 in Flutter

 

Possible Causes of Exception: Gradle Task assembleDebug Failed with Exit Code 1

 

  • **Incorrect Flutter SDK Path:** If the Flutter SDK path specified in your IDE is incorrect or if the `flutter` command isn't recognized in your system's PATH, you may encounter this error. The IDE or terminal won't be able to locate the necessary tools to build and run your application.

    •  

  • Dependency Conflicts: Conflicting dependencies in your Flutter project's `pubspec.yaml` file or in the Android module-specific `build.gradle` files can lead to this error. For instance, multiple Flutter or Android libraries might require different versions of the same dependency, causing a version conflict.

    •  

  • Invalid Configuration in build.gradle: Errors in the `build.gradle` files (either at the project or app level) can result in this error. Common issues include incorrect signing configurations, build script errors, or incorrectly configured third-party plugins.

    •  

  • Corrupted Gradle Cache: A corrupt or incomplete Gradle cache can prevent the Gradle build process from completing successfully. This often results in failed builds and an exit code 1 error.

    •  

  • Insufficient Memory: If the system running the build does not have enough memory, it can cause the Gradle process to fail, typically leaving an exit code 1. This is more common on devices with lower RAM capacity running many simultaneous applications.

    •  

  • JAVA_HOME Not Set Correctly: If the JAVA_HOME environment variable is not set correctly or if there is an issue with the Java JDK installation, the Gradle build process can fail. The Flutter framework relies on a correct Java setup for running Android builds.

    •  

  • Mismatch in Android SDK Versions: Inconsistent versions of the Android SDK components or incorrect SDK path configuration can lead to assembly failures. For instance, if required API levels or build tools are missing, the build process cannot proceed.

    •  

  • File System Permission Issues: If the build process cannot access required files due to permission restrictions on certain directories or files, it can result in build failure and exit code 1.

    •  

  • Misconfigured ProGuard/R8 Rules: If a project uses ProGuard or R8 for code shrinking, incorrect configurations or rules can lead to this error during the code obfuscation and optimization process.

    •  

  • Presence of Unsupported Library Files: Utilizing libraries that are incompatible with the current version of Flutter or Android Gradle Plugin can cause this error. It's crucial to ensure all library files used are supported and compatible with the application’s build environment.

 

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How to Fix Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1 in Flutter

 

Clean and Rebuild Gradle

 

  • Navigate to the root of your Flutter project and run the command to clean your project. This eliminates unnecessary files and compensates for incorrect Gradle setup or outdated builds.

 

flutter clean

 

  • After cleaning, rebuild your Gradile project to regenerate build folders and ensure there are no corrupted files.

 

flutter pub get
flutter build apk

 

Update Dependencies

 

  • Open the `pubspec.yaml` file and update all dependencies to their latest versions. Ensure that dependencies are compatible with each other.

 

dependencies:
  flutter:
    sdk: flutter
  # Add updated dependencies here

 

  • Run `flutter pub get` to install the updated dependencies.

 

Check Gradle Settings

 

  • Navigate to the `android/build.gradle` and make sure the Android Gradle plugin and Gradle distribution versions are compatible. Update them if necessary.

 

dependencies {
    classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.2' // Update this line to a compatible version
}
  • In `android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties`, ensure the distribution URL points to a supported Gradle version.

 

distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.0.2-all.zip

 

Verify Android SDK and Emulator

 

  • Ensure your Android SDK and emulator are properly installed and updated via the Android Studio SDK Manager. Pay particular attention to the installed build-tools and platform versions related to your targeted SDK version.

 

  • From Android Studio, navigate to SDK Manager to check and update the installed SDK tools.

 

Review Java Version

 

  • Verify that your JDK version matches the one required by the Android Gradle plugin you are using. You can configure the Java version in the `android/gradle.properties` file.

 

org.gradle.java.home=/path/to/your/jdk

 

  • Ensure the JAVA\_HOME environment variable is set correctly to the JDK path and that your system PATH includes the JDK bin directory.

 

Enable Multidex

 

  • If your app exceeds the 65k method count limit, enable multidex in your Flutter app by updating the `defaultConfig` in `android/app/build.gradle`.

 

android {
    defaultConfig {
        ...
        multiDexEnabled true
    }
}

 

  • Add the multidex dependency in the same file.

 

dependencies {
    ...
    implementation 'androidx.multidex:multidex:2.0.1'
}

 

Review Code for Errors

 

  • Scan your Dart files for any errors or warnings. Ensure that there are no syntax errors, missing resources, or unresolved references that might cause the build to fail.

 

  • Run the following command to analyze your project and fix issues detected in your code.

 

flutter analyze

 

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