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|  How to fix compilation errors in IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM Cortex-M?

How to fix compilation errors in IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM Cortex-M?

October 14, 2024

Solve compilation errors in IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM Cortex-M with this guide. Tailored for firmware developers to ensure smooth debugging and efficient coding.

How to fix compilation errors in IAR Embedded Workbench for ARM Cortex-M?

 

Verify Toolchain Settings

 

  • Ensure that the selected device in the project options matches the target device. Mismatched settings can lead to compilation errors due to differences in memory maps and peripheral libraries.
  • Confirm that the correct toolchain is selected by navigating to Project > Options > General Options. Check the Architecture and Core to ensure they align with your target Cortex-M series.

 

Check Include Paths

 

  • During compilation, if errors indicate missing header files, verify that the include paths are correctly set. Go to Project > Options > C/C++ Compiler > Preprocessor and ensure all directories containing necessary header files are included.
  • Incorrectly specified paths can also lead to errors. Ensure that paths are absolute or correctly relative to the project directory.
#include "my_header.h"
#include <stdlib.h>

 

Library Dependencies

 

  • If errors related to undefined references occur, check that all necessary libraries are linked. In Project > Options > Linker, ensure that the required libraries such as math or custom libraries are specified.
  • Confirm that library paths are correctly defined in Library Directories.

 

Syntax and Typographical Errors

 

  • Simple typographical errors or mismatched brackets can cause compilation to fail. Double-check the code for syntax errors. Use editor features like syntax highlighting and auto-completion to minimize these errors.
  • Errors such as missing semicolons or mismatched parentheses are common culprits in causing unexpected compilation errors.
void my_function() {
  // Correct this typographical error
  int value = 10;
  value += 5;
}

 

Check Linker Configurations

 

  • Linker errors, while not part of compilation, often manifest alongside. Ensure that the linker script is correct for your target device. Verify memory sections and stack sizes as per your specific microcontroller requirements.
  • In Project > Options > Linker > Config, specify the correct Linker Configuration File. Mismatches can cause linker errors related to memory allocation.

 

Compiler-Specific Directives

 

  • IAR Embedded Workbench utilizes specific compiler directives. Ensure that any IAR-specific pragmas or intrinsic functions are correctly used. Misuse of these can lead to errors.
  • For instance, inline assembly or pragma directives should adhere to IAR’s syntax.
__asm("NOP"); // Correct use of inline assembly in IAR

 

Review Warnings

 

  • Compiler warnings often provide clues that can prevent future errors. Enable all warnings in Project > Options > C/C++ Compiler > Diagnostics and scrutinize them carefully.
  • While warnings don't stop compilation, they may indicate logical errors or potential problems in the codebase.

 

Cross-check Environment Variables

 

  • Misconfigured environment variables can lead to issues during conditional compilation. If your build process relies on specific macros or environment-specific settings, verify them in Project > Options > C/C++ Compiler.
  • Use of preprocessor definitions should be verified for accuracy.

 

Debugging Compilation with Verbose Output

 

  • Enable verbose output to gain insights into the compilation process. This can aid in pinpointing where a breakdown occurs.
  • Under Project > Options > C/C++ Compiler > Extra Options, add -v or check the option to Enable verbose mode.

 

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