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|  How to Fix Error: undefined reference to operator new(unsigned int)

How to Fix Error: undefined reference to operator new(unsigned int)

October 14, 2024

Discover effective solutions to tackle 'undefined reference to operator new(unsigned int)' error in C++ for firmware development. Optimize your code smoothly and efficiently.

How to Fix Error: undefined reference to operator new(unsigned int)

 

Understanding the Error

  • The error "undefined reference to operator new(unsigned int)" occurs when the linker cannot find the definition for the global `operator new` function.
  • This is common in environments where C++ is partially supported, such as specific firmware or microcontroller compilers, which might not fully implement dynamic memory allocation features by default.

 

Check for Compiler and Linker Support

  • Ensure that your toolchain supports C++ features, including dynamic memory allocations. Some embedded compilers might exclude dynamic allocations for size or safety considerations.
  • Consult your compiler manual or documentation for enabling those features if they are disabled by default.

 

Implement a Custom operator new

  • If dynamic memory allocation is required and the default implementation is unavailable, you can provide your own version of `operator new`. Here's an example:
  • void* operator new(size_t size) {
        return malloc(size); // Use your own memory manager if needed
    }
    
    void operator delete(void* pointer) noexcept {
        free(pointer);
    }
    
  • Ensure to include `#include ` or equivalent headers for `malloc` and `free`.
  • Using `malloc` and `free` can be a temporary workaround, but it might not be ideal for all embedded environments.

 

Check Linking Options

  • Ensure that the proper runtime libraries are linked with your project. Sometimes these errors occur because the standard C++ library is not linked. Check your linker options for flags like `-lstdc++` or equivalent options for your toolchain.
  • Inspect the build configuration files or makefiles for any disparities in linking standard libraries.

 

Analyze your Code

  • Review the portions of your code that invoke `new`, and consider if the use of dynamic memory is essential, especially in constrained environments like firmware development.
  • If possible, refactor code to use statically allocated memory or stack-based allocations to prevent the need for `operator new`.

 

Alternative Memory Management Strategies

  • Given the constraints in embedded systems, consider using custom memory pools or allocators that suit the memory management demands of your specific application.
  • Designing a memory pool that fits your firmware architecture can increase reliability and performance.

 

Testing and Validation

  • After making changes, ensure that all memory allocations and deallocations are tested under realistic conditions to ensure stability and performance are within acceptable limits.
  • Run static code analyzers or tools available in your environment to verify that the new implementations meet safety and performance requirements.

 

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